Improvement in manufacture of metal tubing



S. W. WOOD.

. MANUFACTURE 0F METAL TUBING. .N.o 169,878. Patented Nov.9,1a75.

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UNITED STATES PATENT OEEIcE STEPHEN W. WOOD, OF OORNWALL, NEW YORK..

4 Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 169,878, datedNovember 9, 1875; application filed October 28, 1875.

To all whom it may concern:

'Be it known that 1, STEPHEN W. WOOD, of Cornwall, county of Orange andState of New York, have invented a new and useful Improvement inMetallic Tubing', and the process of making the same, patented inEngland October 30,1873;` and l do hereby declare that the following isa full, clear, and exact description thereof, reference being had to thelaccompanying drawings making part of this specification, in which-Figure l represents a side elevation of a metallic mandrel upon which todeposit metal or metals for tubing, Fig. 2, a central longitudinalsection of a tube drawn over a solid rod of metal, uponwhich to depositmetal for tubing by electro deposition; Fig. 3, a central longitudinalsection ofa tube removed from the mandrel upon which it was deposited;Fig. 4, section of a tube removed from its. mandrel, consisting of twodifferent metals, or, asmay properly be expressed, a tube having alining of different metal from the exterior or main body thereofdeposited by electrodeposition; Fig. 5, section of a tube removed fromthemandrel upon which it was deposited, being lined on its interior andcovered on its exterior with different metal from the middle or mainbody 5 Fig. 6, view of asystem of rollers, by the action of which adeposited tube is enlarged or loosened from its mandrel,

so as to be removed therefrom; Fig. 7, revolving burnishers, by whichdeposited tubes may be removed from their mandrels, reduced in diameter,or shaped, and for imparting hardness or spring-temper thereto.

Tubing of metal has heretofore 'been made, either by casting, drawing,or being folded from iat sheets, and the edges thereof solderedtogether.

The nature of my invention consists, first, in making or forming tubingby electro-deposition of the metal or metals composing it upon a mandrelofthe required diameter for the interior thereof', substantially in themanner herein set forth; second, forming tubing by electro-deposition ofthe metals composing it, first depositing a body of metal of the desiredthickness upon a mandrel forming the interior surface or lining, andsubsequently depositing an outerv coating or body thereon of differentmetal, substantially as herein set forth; third,.depositing metal ormetals for V tubing upon a metallic mandrel or form, and removing thesame therefrom `by rolling or burnishing, substantially in the mannerherein set forth, or the equivalent thereof. Rolling might be applied tothe removal of other articles formed by electro-deposition besidestubing With equal facility without departing g Notwithstanding there isno adhesion of the deposition forming the tube to the mandrel, still, bythe process of depositing one metal `upon another, the deposited metalrests uponv its mandrel or form so closely that it becomes necessary toenlarge or loosen the deposition to remove it. The mandrels upon whichto deposit metal or metals for tubing by electroy deposition may besolid, as represented in Fig. l, or of onemetal drawn over a mandrel,

asin Fig. 2, the surface of `which Ashould be y smooth, to assist in theremoval of the deposited tube. If desired, this mandrel may have acoating of silver, nickel, or other suitable metal deposited upon it,which will assist materially in the removal of the tube. A mandrel madeof brass drawn over a solid rodof iron or steel, by which a smooth, evensurface is produced, is found in practice to answer a good purpose, andwhich will remain straight in the operation of removing the depositiontherefrom. If required, the surface of the mandrels may be renderedsensitive by any of the well-known processes or applications, but whichnot being part of this invention, description of them is omitted. Afterthe man drels shall have been prepared they are immersed in anelectro-depositing bath, and the metal or metals deposited thereon tothe required thickness, forming the tubes. When the deposition hasattained the required thickness upon the mandrels the mandrels areremoved from thedepositing-bath and subjected to rolling, burnishing, ordrawing to loosen v the deposit thereon.

One practical method of enlarging or loosening the deposit upon thesemandrels, that the deposited tube may be readily taken therefrom, is tosubjectthe mandrels, with their deposit, to the action of a system ofrollers, A, between which they pass or are carried by their peculiarconstruction With sufficient pressure to accomplish the purpose. By thepeculiar construction and arrangement of these rollers A the mandrels,with theirdeposiuare presented at one side and carried through by themfrom one end to thebther, and by the action thereof every portion, ofthe deposited metal forming the tubes is subjected to pressure, by whichthey are sufficiently enlarged to be removed. These rollers may beconstructed as shown in the accompanying drawing-two being conical andone cylindrical or straight on its surfacewhich construction is found toperform the work of enlarging` the depositions uniformly to the requiredextent to be taken from the mandrels, the action of the rollers beinguniform throughout the entire length of the tube. It will be observed,by reference to the drawing, that the axes of the two conical rollers DE are in different planes, nor are they in the same plane with the axisof the upper roller v G, the axis of which is in a horizontal plane,

so that when a mandrel, with its deposition, is'presented to them,itwill be carried through between this system, by their combined action,in a plane parallel with the axis of the upper`or straight roller G.Rotating burnishers, as represented in Fig. 7, might be employed withsimilar effect; but, having tried them, the rollers are preferred.Drawing through dies might in some cases be substituted for the'rollerso'r burnishers; but because of the danger of destroying thedepositionsor injuring their texture, the rollers are stil-l preferred.

vAfter the tubes have been removed from their mandrels, they may bereduced in diameter, their texture hardened, or embellished by designson their exterior by any of the well-known methods.

'Drawing a tube deposited by electricity through a die to reduce it indiameter would have the effect of hardening the'inetal.

"When it is desired to deposit two or more different metals composing atube, or to line a tube with different metal from the main body, themetal for the lining is first deposited upon the mandrel to the requiredthickness; and then removed, with its deposit a, to a bath or solutionof metal for the next layer or exterior, wherein it remains until of thedeor more metals, vone layer or thickness depos- Y zited upon another,the mandrels or forms are first placed in a solution composed of thedesired metal for the interior. After having received a deposit of therequired thickness for y this lining or inner coating, these mandrels,with their deposit, are removed to a second solution of metal to receivethe second or following layer, and so on the said mandrels or forms maybe changed from one solution to another, by which tubes consisting ofseveral metals laid or deposited one upon another may be produced atpleasure, and the same removed from their mandrels or forms as thoughcomposed of but-one metal, instead of several metalscombined. r

Having thus fully described my invention,

what I claim as new therein, and desire to se-k cre by Letters Patent,is

l. The' method of forming internally-coated tubing or pipe byelectro-deposition of the metals composing it, depositing first upon asuitable mandrel or -form a coating or lining of one metal, anddepositing thereon an exterior covering of a different metal, formingthe main body, substantially as herein set forth.

' 2. The method of fabricating tubing or pipe by electro-depositingmetal or 'metals for the same upon a metal mandrel or form, and rollingor burnishing the same to facilitate its removal, substantially in themanner herein set forth. S. W. .WOOD.

Witnesses:

GEQH. SMITH, WM. W. REYNoLDs.

